Lilly Ledbetter: Bridging Culture Gaps for Equal Pay

Feminism has always been criticized as being preoccupied with advancing the interests of white, educated, middle-class women. While most women’s groups now take action on everything from racism to marriage equality to social security, the rhetoric of equal pay has at least the potential to emphasize the paychecks of the mostly white women at the top — even though a pay gap clearly exists between men and women in nearly every line of work and at every educational level.

So it’s a good thing that the equal-pay movement has been reignited by a woman who can inspire and motivate people from all walks of life. Lilly Ledbetter worked her way up the ladder at Goodyear Tire and Rubber and risked everything to file a pay discrimination lawsuit after an anonymous note tipped her off that she was being paid 40 percent less than her male peers were. She was doing the same job and had earned a top performance award at the company.

Last week, Ledbetter shared her frustrating story with the nearly 600 students at the National Conference for College Women Student Leaders, and her message helped inspire these up-and-coming workers to fight for pay equity as they begin their careers.

The audience was moved by Ledbetter’s clear-cut case and the heart-wrenchingly unjust Supreme Court decision that followed it — which said she should have filed her pay discrimination suit 18 years before she even knew she was being paid unfairly. A jury trial had previously awarded her damages and back pay, but Ledbetter never received a dime.

In her keynote address, Ledbetter told the audience that she grew up in one of the poorest counties in Alabama. Even though she was a manager at Goodyear, she and her husband struggled to pay the bills; the wages she lost to discrimination would have made a huge difference in their lives. Now, in her work as an equal-pay advocate, Ledbetter speaks passionately about the drastic effects the pay gap has on families like hers. Often, she says, it determines “whether they can buy food, pay the mortgage, and keep healthy.”

Ledbetter is one of many women who have stood up against industry giants to fight lengthy, expensive legal battles for equity in their hourly wages. Her words inspired the college women in the audience to fight for their own and all working women’s pay equity.

In the question-and-answer session afterward, conference-goers said they were touched by Ledbetter’s story, and one even called her a “rock star.” When they asked what they could do to help others and themselves, Ledbetter had a simple answer: Stand up for yourself, stay informed, and vote.

She urged the students to learn how to negotiate their salaries, because “if you don’t start now, you’ll never catch up.” But she also stressed the need to stay informed about local and national wage laws and the voting records of politicians — especially on the Paycheck Fairness Act, a law that would close loopholes in the 1963 Equal Pay Act.

“If the Paycheck Fairness Act had been law back then, I would have known how much less I was getting paid,” Ledbetter said.

Often called the “face of pay equity,” Ledbetter does more than show the human impact of the pay gap’s national statistics — that women make, on average, just 77 cents for every dollar men earn (the average is even lower for black women and Latinas). Her story and others like it refute the myth that the only thing separating men’s and women’s wages is hard work. These stories also show how working women — young and old, with and without diplomas, of any ethnic background — can unite to fight for the pay equity we all deserve.

That unity is further embodied in Ledbetter’s continued advocacy, even though she can no longer benefit from the laws she’s advocating for. “I made a decision in 1998 to stand up for myself. … My journey since then has been for you. Since that ruling came down, my case was over. If I can say something today that will change you in the audience, my goal will have been met.”

After her speech, Ledbetter left with hundreds of new fans who, thanks to her trailblazing, are that much closer to having what the president described when he signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act into law in 2009 — that is, to having no limits to their dreams.

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If Not Hillary, Who?

Wish I had that proverbial crystal ball, so I could find out which woman will be the first to actually run the White House, not just be there as support staff. Is Hillary the one? When I started my own unofficial straw poll, the pro or con reactions to Senator Clinton were instant and intense; people certainly are feeling strongly on the subject, no matter which side they support.

I then asked a few “sage pundits” to name some other women who might stand a chance of winning the U.S. presidency. I originally thought to list all the suggestions here, but I ended up doing a bit of research on each woman instead. By the time I read about the actions they had taken and how they voted on issues, who their major financial backers were and what others thought of them, I realized that most of these women would elicit the same kind of reaction Clinton is getting — lots of pros and cons and not one clear front-runner.

So what characteristics, background, beliefs, and public record does a woman need today to get elected to the presidency? If the past is anything to go by, having good or bad traits in any of these areas doesn’t necessarily predict success in electability or in job performance if elected. And I’m sure that’s just as true for women as it is for men.

Whoever they may be, all women still have to overcome the public’s apparent continued reticence to seeing women as capable leaders. (Take a moment to read the April 6 New York Times article Our Racist, Sexist Selves, by Nicholas D. Kristof, on this subject.)

Just because my crystal ball isn’t working doesn’t mean you may not know of a woman who might just be the one to break the gender barrier — if not in 2008, then sometime in the future. Let us know!

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